Essay on When Parents Should Let Teens Make Their Own Decisions

At What Age Should Teenagers Be Allowed to Take Their Own Decisions? The main problem with questions like this one is their, on the one hand, ambiguity and, on the other hand, relentlessness with which those who ask them require to be answered. What kind of decisions? About what? If we think along the lines presupposed by the question, we should define the unified age when teenagers should be let to both choose what they would have for breakfast and whom to marry. The point of view behind this question kind of presupposes that until certain age children and teenagers are like small kids who shouldn’t be let to do anything on their own, and afterwards immediately become responsible members of the society one may and has to trust. What I think is that this approach to the problem is incorrect in the very least. People are different, children are different, circumstances are different. One person needs to be overseen all the time lest he does something stupid, another may be his own master at the age of ten and manage to do it really well. In my opinion, both extremes are equally bad. When a teenager is left completely on his own, it may result not only in some personal problems – he may bring problems to his parents as well. But when he is under constant surveillance, this interferes him being an individual, as well as breeds rebellion and hatred towards his parents, which is hardly what they want to achieve. Reasonable approach is to teach children to make right decisions. Give them maximum freedom in everything that cannot result in irrevocable mistakes. Teach them to be reasonable and responsible themselves, not only relying on you and your advice. Let them learn to be independent.

Essay on Case Study the Forgotten Group Member - 964 Words

Case Study - The Forgotten Group Member Helen M. Gales GM591 - Leadership and Organizational Behavior Keller Graduate School of Management Professor Leo Shelton July 23, 2012 Case Study - The Forgotten Group Member Part 1: Group Development In looking over the details given for the case, the group appears to still be in the Storming stage. While some of the team has come together and are providing their assigned portions of the class project, they still are not a cohesive, and functioning team; due to one of their team members being preoccupied with outside demands and not really coming together with the rest of the team. By having a better understanding of the stages of group development, Christine would have had a better idea†¦show more content†¦Mike has given her notes with his ideas when he ahs been unable to make it to the meeting, and she feels that he is creative and has good ideas. With this in mind since he is unable to make it to the next meeting due to work schedule, she could try an setup a meeting between just the two of them when he is available to go over the notes he has given her and to see if there are any other ideas he has that he would like expressed to the group. It might even be possible for him to be at the meeting virtually by using a speaker phone or some other device, while he is on break at his job. This will help to make him feel included and more a part of the team. It will also help the rest of her team feel like a more cohesive unit and that everyone is playing their part and not letting others do all of the work. This option would give the team members a feeling of achievement of doing a job well ( intrinsic reward) and hopefully a good grade on the assignment (extrinsic reward) The second option would be for her to give up and go to the instructor and let her know that Mike has not held up his end of the assignment. This option, would show that she is not ready to lead a team when there is any kind of confrontation or problems and does not help her learn from the situation so she would be better prepared in the future for team work. This would also work to confirm Mikes feeling that noShow MoreRelatedThe Forgotten Group Member : 1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe Forgotten Group Member In the case study, The Forgotten Group Member, we are introduced to Christine, who is a student that comes forth as an overachiever. She believes her education is very important and is a stepping stone to her career. Thus, she maintains an A grade point average. Christine’s dilemma comes in the form of a group assignment for her Organizational Behavior course. As an individual, she performs with excellency, but to her misfortune the assignment was a group project. 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Project Management Planning and Control Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Planning and Control Techniques. Answer: Introduction Project quality management refers to all those activities and actions that are needed to be undertaken to ensure the quality and conformity to necessary standard during the tenure of the project (Burke, 2013). Park, Hyatt is the chosen organization of this study. Project quality management is an important practice that needs to be undertaken to ensure that quality of the management is maintained and in the objectives and the goals of the projects are met in the process. The following study is undertaken to conduct project quality management in the hospitality sector. The research study highlights and outlines the various elements of project quality management in the hospitality sector. Chosen Industry The chosen industry for the report is Hospitality management. Experience and qualification of project practioner The selected project practioner is associated with International Project Management Authority and has necessary APM knowledge along with the certification. The project practioner is qualified person, which more than four years of experience in the hospitality management sector. Quality Quality is the most important and integral part of a project. Quality is the hospitality sector relates to achievement of the objective of customer satisfaction. In this course of work, quality is of paramount importance. In order to ensure quality in this course of work, special attention has been given on the workforce (Munier, 2013). The recruitment and training programs of the main staffs are given paramount importance. The basis of recruitment has been strategically planned, in which qualified and experienced staffs has been chosen to discharge high quality work. This will ensure customer satisfaction. The mission of the hotel is We Care for you. The main purpose of the hotel is to provide high quality customer satisfaction and to look after the needs and requirement of the customers. The staffs of the hotel are constantly reminded of their missions and objectives (Phillips, 2013). The managers are given their duties according to their ability and skill. Thus, major stress has b een made on the hiring policy of the hotel. Continuous monitoring of the performance of the service has been adopted to ensure that the actual performance conforms to the standard of performance that is made. Feedback forms are given to customers to understand the level of customer achievement and probable areas of improvement. Measurement of the staff performance is required for the evaluation of quality in the hospital service. Technology is utilized for ensuring quality in the hospitality sector. Property management system is employed to relieve the staff from the burden of unnecessary tasks. Project complexities There are certain issues and project quality management complexities that a hotel will encounter and experience. Some of the issues that are experienced in the project are: Issues related to labour cost Labour cost is one of the most issues that surrounds project. The expenses related to labour and managers are one of the major complexities that is involved in the project. Cost reduction and satisfaction of the employees needs to be balanced. If the employees do not fair remuneration, it will have a direct bearing on the performance of the labour. This will consequently affect the customer satisfaction (Zeng et al. 2013). Cultural diversity Another point that needs to be considered and thrown light on is the cultural diversity that needs to be analyzed. Cultural diversity causes conflicts and issues in the workforce. Managements of diversified workforce and diversified customers cause major hindrances and issues in the performance evaluation and the ability to achieve quality. Multicultural issues disturb the industry and the organization (Kerzner, 2013). The difference in the culture can cause misunderstanding and obstructions in the operations of the hotels. Infrastructure and innovations in the interiors and structures of the room One of the major issues and complexities that surround the project are regarding the infrastructure and innovations in the interiors and structures of the room. Certain facilities like phone lines and innovations in the communication and interiors aspects are expensive and have high cost. This is one of the major problem complexities (Low Ong, 2014). Cyclical trend of economy The cyclical trend of economy is one of the major issues and complexities in project quality management. The cyclical trend of economy has major implication on the hospitality sector and the operations of the hotels. It can be seen that in times of inflation, the prices might shoot up, which might adversely affect the customer satisfaction. On the other hand, in times of depression, there might be high scale of unemployment, which affects quality of service that is provided to the customers (Schwalbe, 2015). Australia is in the grips of major financial crisis, which causes shortage of labour, which might contravene with the standard of quality that is provided to the customers. Project staffing Bartenders and wait staffs Staffing is an important aspect in a hotel. The primary level of the staffing in the hotel relates to waiter and waitress. Bartenders are an important of the staffing position. Waiters and waitress deal with the serving of food and beverage. The bartenders take care of the pub activities and therefore they take care of the restaurants and bar facilities and consequently take care of the major services of the hotels. Kitchen staff and chef Food formulates the major portion of a hotel and consequently a hospitality sector. Cooks and chefs and kitchen staff are an important part of the hotel staff. Support members Support members are the employees that take care of the backstage operations. These support staff are the general staffs that take care of the general activities of the hotel like guest service, and other clerical jobs. They take care of the general and miscellaneous jobs of the hotels. Accountant Accountants take care of the finance and the accounts of the hotel. They manage the various expenditures and income of the hotel. Front desk Front desk comprises of receptionists, billing desk and help desk that form the front desk of the hotel. They take care of enquiries and customer service and hospitality aspect of the hotel. Marketing employees Marketing employees are an important element in the staffing aspect in the hospitality sector. They deal with public relations officer, sales manager and marketing coordinator and manager in the ranks. They take care of the core facilities of the hotel that increase the quality and customer satisfaction. The staffing role also includes the event managers that take care of the special events that take place in the hotel. Managers and the executives Managers and executive officers take care of the overall management of the hotel. They plan, coordinate, control and manage all the core and major activities of the hotel. The management body include general managers, operation manager, human resource team, chief executive officer. Outsourcing of the activities The hotel outsources some of the activities like security and housekeeping. The housekeeping activities are outsourced for better efficiency and effectiveness in the operational activity of the work and to help the customers get more specialized service in the process. On the other hand, the security work is also outsourced to specialized agency to provide specialized service in this regard. Organizational structure and type The organizational structure comprises of CEO and according to the hierarchy of this chain, the general manager, operation manager and human resource manager are under the level of the chief executive officer. The subordinates and general employees are grouped under the general and operation manager. The executives are grouped under the human resource manager. The organization is top-down type where the communication flows from top to bottom in the form of orders and from down to top in the form of feedbacks and grievances. Research methodology The research methodology comprises of primary data research. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are applied for the research purpose. Interviews and surveys are used for research purpose. Surveys are used for gathering information from employees and staffs. Interviews are used for gathering information and responses from the managers regarding the strategies and approach used for project quality management purpose. Data Analysis and Findings Interviews and surveys were used for gathering information. Statistical tools and focus groups are used for evaluating and analyzing the information that is gathered for the purpose. In the data analysis purpose, the interviews conducted with the mangers reflected on the strategies and approach that would be used for project quality management. It was noticed that customer satisfaction would be given major importance and quality staff and procedures would be chosen. The mission of the company would be evaluated and the operations and staff would be properly trained for deriving useful information from the customers. Quality standards would be noticed and regular monitoring of work to ensure the conformity of the activities with the actual performance will be done to ensure quality management. The purpose of the company would be the underlining features of the management philosophy of the company. It was also noticed that selection and recruitment process would be given major importan ce and employees with requisite skills and expertise would be selected based on the experience of work. Quality assurance program and necessary tools would be chosen to ensure the quality of the program. At the same time necessary market research and feedback of the customer would be taken to ensure effective monitoring of work and the assurance of quality in the service and operations of the hotel. Conclusion On concluding the report, it can be noticed that project quality management is an important aspect in ensuring maintenance and exhibition of quality in the operations and activities of any organization is important. It has to be noticed in the case of hospitality sectors majorly depends on quality of service to ensure that customer satisfaction and that would determine the success and progress of the organization. The various tools and approach of project quality management is important to ensure that quality is maintained. The major issues also are important considerations that shed critical lights on the factors that need to be taken care of while the enactment of the project management. Reference List Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Low, S. P., Ong, J. (2014). Quality Management. InProject Quality Management(pp. 29-36). Springer Singapore. Munier, N. (2013). Project Quality Management. InProject Management for Environmental, Construction and Manufacturing Engineers(pp. 201-208). Springer Netherlands. Oakland, J. S. (2014).Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Phillips, J. (2013).PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Zeng, S. X., Tam, C. M., Tam, V. W. (2015). Integrating safety, environmental and quality risks for project management using a FMEA method.Engineering Economics,66(1). Project Management Planning and Control Techniques Questions: 1.Why you are excited about your project and what you hope to learn. Then, describe briefly what personal, professional or practical challenges you might encounter and what questions you have about the process of completing your research project? 2.Discuss a strategy you could implement to overcome those challenges and address common questions? 3.Discuss another strategy you could implement to overcome those challenges and address common questions? Answers: 1. Project Summary: Applicability of Green Engineering Solutions in Construction Management Construction has to be supportive to the development of the continuing population with respect to economic and other developmental needs of the concerned industry. In contrast with these facts, at the same time the construction industry needs to be concerned about the environmental and social impacts that it is giving on the society with respect to various needs of environment (Hwang and Ng 2013). Environmental preservation is necessary for managing these social and environmental needs of the society from the construction industry. In contrast with these facts, therefore, the applicability of the green engineering solution within the construction management projects is very important concepts to be managed. There are mainly two perspective that are mainly concerned while considering the construction management process within society or environment these are economic conditions and sustainability of the construction project. Conceptual research and construction programs are necessary for managing the construction project effectiveness within the competitive market (Shi et al. 2013). The green technological solutions and project plans are helpful in solving various aspect related to the demands of users and residents within the construction industry. In accordance with various research findings, traditional construction engineering and project management concepts needed to be incorporated within the environment sustainable projects within the construction industry. Therefore, the construction management engineering programs are helpful in designing the sustainable construction projects within concerned competitive marketplace with respect to various critical aspects and demands of the users (Bond and Devine 2016). Educational objectives and engineering solutions are helpful in managing the sustainable project management within competitive target market with respect to construction projects. Reason for choosing this project and learning outcomes from project There are various reasons for choosing this project. These reasons are elaborated as follows: Cost effective project: Green construction is effective to be developed with respect to various critical aspects involved within any project management (Kerzner 2013). Presence of sustainability: Presence of sustainability is another aspect to be considered before choosing this project. Effective impacts on society: Effective impact of society is another aspect to be considered while selecting this project (Burke 2013). Personal, Professional or Practical Challenges and Common Questions for Research Personal challenges Consideration of Geographical Area: Geographical area is one of the most effective challenges while selecting this project (Walker 2015). Geographical area creates various issues while considering the development of construction project during project management perspective is considered. Considering long term perspective: Long term perspective for construction project management is very difficult concern. In consideration with the long term perspective of any project, project manager have to consider various critical issues and these incurs challenges within the project. Educational qualification of project members: Educational qualification of the project members are effective measures within any project (Leach 2014). Grounding aspect towards building science: Up to date to the construction projects are difficult job for any project manager. Professional or Practical Challenges Following are the professional and practical challenges that the project manager have faced: Miscommunication among members: This is one of the important challenges that project manager faced as there are various kind of people within a project group (Kerzner 2013). Lack of knowledge distribution: Knowledge distribution reveals the negatively impactful situation for the project manager (Burke 2013). Conflicting situations: Conflicting situations also can be considered as the challenge of the project manager. Research Question What are the benefits of Green Construction? How impactful is Green Construction? 2. Strategy for overcoming these challenges and questions There are various strategies that can be used for managing effective system architecture within the concerned project. Among all of these strategies one is being elaborated as follows: Effective Communication Management In accordance with the personal and professional challenges faced by the project manager within the concerned project shows that there are these challenges can be solved with the help of effective communication management processes (Walker 2015). Effective communication management within concerned project involves stakeholder communication management, meeting arrangements and other important aspects related to managing the project effectively. These processes are being briefly elaborated within this part of the assignment. These are given as follows: Stakeholders communication management: The communication management can be managed with the help of stakeholders communication management processes and then the concerned challenges can be solved (Leach 2014). Communication between stakeholders can easily be managed by considering their responses on particular topic or project tasks. Meeting arrangements: Meeting arrangements can also be managed with the help of various critical concerns of projects and its objectives and goals (Boud, Cohen and Sampson 2014). Meetings share everyones concern about various aspects that is managed with the help of discussions during any project management. Management of conflicts: Conflicts can also be managed with the help of various meeting and arrangements of discussions. Questions How can conflicts be managed within project operations? 3. Another Strategy for mitigating these challenges Resource Monitoring and Reporting In accordance with the resource monitoring and reporting strategy, the application of green engineering within construction management can be managed with the help of resource monitoring and reporting perspectives within the project (Kerzner 2013). In contrast with these facts, there are various benefits that will be helpful in solving various issues involved within the project. In addition to this, these benefits are being elaborated as follows for managing the green engineering project within construction industry. These benefits are elaborated as follows: Idea about the risks and growth: This strategy provides an idea about the project growth and risks associated with in it (Burke 2013). Therefore, this can be one useful aspect for managing conflicts within during the project. Management of project management aspect: Management of project management facts are also easily managed with the help of this practical strategy (Walker 2015). Management of project tasks allows the project members in solving various issues involved within the project. Conflict management: Conflict management perspective can be easily managed with the help of resource monitoring and reporting aspect (Leach 2014). This issue can easily be managed with the help of resource monitoring and reporting perspective. Question What is another solution for managing challenges within green construction projects? References Bond, S.A. and Devine, A., 2016. Incentivizing green single-family construction: identifying effective government policies and their features.The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,52(4), pp.383-407. Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013. Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overc Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Shi, Q., Zuo, J., Huang, R., Huang, J. and Pullen, S., 2013. Identifying the critical factors for green constructionan empirical study in China.Habitat international,40, pp.1-8. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Role of Government in Business is Very Important Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Government in Business ? Answer: Introduction In Australia there are government bodies which work to protect the interests of the investors and creditors. This is achieved by ensuring that companies make proper financial statements based on accounting standards. It is Australian Securities and Investments Commission which is entrusted with ensuring the implementation of Corporations Act by the government (ASIC, 2017). This report is an effort to understand what are the documents the companies have to submit to ASIC and how their financial statements are properly audited by external auditors. The role of the Australian Accounting Standards Board in making different accounting standards is looked into. Further it is found what are the listing requirements of Australian Stock Exchange. The role of the Reserve Bank of Australia as a financial regulator is also discussed. Regulatory framework under Australian Securities And Investments Commission Companies are business entities in which large amounts of money are invested to carry out the business of the firm. Therefore it is needed that companies maintain a proper system of recording their business transactions. There would be investors and creditors of the company who would like to be sure that their money is properly being used by the management for carrying out the business activities. All this would become clear from the financial statements of the company, namely, profit and loss account and balance sheet (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2012). In Australia, companies are required to maintain proper financial records and prepare their financial statements in accordance with the provisions of the Corporation Act. The regulatory authority which makes sure that this is being done is known as Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). Companies are required to deposit their financial statements with ASIC if there is substantial money involved, the general public has invested funds and the companies exist for carrying out charitable activities and not for making profits. In the case of charitable companies also there should be proper accounting so that money donated by people is properly used. Section 292 of the Corporations Act requires all disclosing entities, public companies, companies limited by guarantee, all large proprietary companies that are not disclosing entities, all registered managed investment schemes to prepare financial reports (ASIC, 2017). The companies are required to get their financial statements audited by external auditors as per the provision of the Corporation Act. The financial statements of the company would carry an auditors report in which the external auditor would give the audit opinion (Leung et al., 2014). This audit opinion reflects whether the financial statements reveal a true picture of the financial position of the company or not. There are different types of opinion an auditor can give. Where the auditor gives an unmodified opinion, it means that there is no material misstatement in the financial statements. In case the auditor gives an adverse opinion, it means there is material misstatement and it is all pervasive. In this case the provisions of Corporation Act and the Australian Accounting Standards have not been followed to some extent. This means there has been a mistake by negligence or deliberate fraud in maintaining accounting records of the company. According to Mock et al., (2012) there is sometimes a difference between what the financial statement user expect the auditors report to deliver and what the auditor wants to deliver. There can be communication and information gap. The financial statement user lack knowledge and are not able to interpret what auditor is saying in the report in the right manner. There are certain anxieties of shareholders and creditors which the auditors report should address and which it fails to address in many cases. There needs to be more communication between auditors and shareholders who appoint them. Australian Securities and Investment Commission checks the financial statements of selected companies also to find out if there is some mistake in their preparation. The financial statements of a company can be manipulated to show less amount of profits so that lesser amount of taxes are to be paid. This is where the auditors work becomes so important (Porter, Simon and Hatherly, 2014). The auditor would have access to the accounts of the company. The individual would take a sample of the accounting entries and trace how these entries have been made. The auditor would check if the accounting standards have been followed in the calculation of the amount of assets like machinery and plant. Similarly it would be checked if the amount of expenses shown in the profit and loss account have actually been incurred. This would reveal if there are fictitious expenses included to decrease the profits. A company has to prepare its financial statements according to the provisions of the Corporation Act. All the expenses incurred and income earned during the year have to be shown in the profit and loss account in a proper way in a chronological order. Similarly the balance sheet would have the items like goodwill, patents and financial instruments held by the company. The objective is that nothing important is left out in the financial statement so that a true and fair picture of the financial position comes out in the open. Financial reports prepared in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 must generally comply with Australian Accounting Standards which meet the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which Australia adopted in 2005. According to Brown and Tarca (2005), since 2005 AASB issues standards based on IFRS rather than making standards from the beginning. The areas where significant changes have been made include the recognition and measurement of intangible assets including goodwill, share based payments, employee benefits, financial instruments, investment properties and impaired assets. Chua, Cheong and Gould (2012), have examined the effect on accounting quality following the adoption of IFRS on January1, 2005. The focus of study was on earnings management, timely loss recognition and value relevance. It was found that earnings management by way smoothing had reduced. The losses were recognized on time. The values given in the financial statements had become more relevant, more so, in case of non financial companies. Ahmed, Chalmers Khlif (2013) have studied effects of IFRS adoption on value relevance and transparency in earnings recognition in case of discretionary accruals. They have further studied the effect on capital market with regard to the quality of earnings forecasting. They have come to the conclusion that value relevance of book value of equity has not increased. Value relevance of earnings has increased. Discretionary accruals have not reduced. Accuracy of analysts forecast of earnings has improved very much. Australian Accounting Standards Board Australian Accounting Standards Board provides the conceptual framework of accounting. In other words, it specifies which are the business transactions which are to be recorded. It also provides how expenses and revenues are to be recognized and measured. Similarly how assets and liabilities are to be recognized and measured. The definitions of expense, revenue, assets and liability are given in the conceptual framework. This basis of accounting process is also provided by the accounting standards. The financial statements have to be prepared by the companies on the basis of the accounting standards (Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2017). If the accounting standards are not followed by a company, Australian Securities and Investment Commission would take action against the company and action would be also taken against the auditor if the individual has been totally negligent in performing duties and gives an unmodified opinion when there are gross mistakes in the making of the financial statements. Some of these accounting standards made by Australian Accounting Standards Board are discussed below: Firstly there is AASB 102 that relates to the inventories which are goods held by the company for resale. This is true in case of a trading company. In the case of a manufacturing company, inventories consists of raw materials, work in progress and finished products. Inventories are to be shown in the books as an asset till they are realized as sale. According to this accounting standard, inventories would be valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is less (Aasb.gov.au, 2017). Cost of inventories includes all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs of purchase includes the purchase price, import duties, other taxes (other than those which can be recovered by the company later from tax authorities) and transport, handling and other costs directly attributable to the acquisition of goods. Other costs includes costs incurred for converting raw material to finished goods like direc t labour and overheads. It becomes clear that how inventories are to be valued has been explained in great detail in the accounting standard. This is done because there are different types of companies engaged in varied businesses. The accountants sometimes get confused on how to apply the accounting standard in making the financial statements. All these details help to clear the confusion and ensures to a great extent that companies rightly recognize and measure their inventories which are of significant amount in most of the companies. Secondly, there is AASB 116 relating to property, plant and equipment. According to this accounting standard cost of acquiring property, plant and equipment will be recognized as an asset if cost of acquiring can be ascertained and its future economic benefits will accrue to the company (Aasb.gov.au, 2017). Cost of the asset would include delivery and installation costs. If cost model is used, then asset would be shown at a value equivalent to the cash price paid minus any depreciation. If revaluation model is used then fair value is ascertained at regular intervals using the prevalent market price of the asset. Accounting standard relating to property, plant and equipment is made because sometime a company would try to overvalue its assets in order to accomplish more market value of its shares. The creditors of the company could be misled by overvaluing the asset of the company so that they lend more to the company feeling that their investments in the company are safe. According to Christensen and Nikolaev (2013), most of the accountants record non financial assets in their balance sheet at the historical cost. There are accountants in some parts of the world who record assets at their fair value as determined by the prevailing market price. But there could be several markets and several market prices. This is the reason why most accountants record assets at their cost price or historical cost. According to Steenkamp et al., (2016), more strict requirements of AASB 138 which came into effect from 1 January 2005, about capitalizing research and development spending led to a change in managerial decisions. Managers started reducing research and development spending to show more earnings. Thus long term advantages of research and development spending were lost. The chance of long term growth through product developments was left. Financial reporting council Financial reporting council is a statutory body responsible for overseeing the process of making the accounting standards in Australia (Financial Reporting Council, 2017). It is involved in appointing the members of Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). It also gives sanction and monitors the AASBs budgets and business plans. The organizational structure of AASB is formed on the advice of Financial reporting council which gives directions and advice to it on policy to be followed by it. Financial Reporting Council monitors the current accounting standard to see if they are still relevant. It encourages the use of suitable accounting and auditing standards in Australian accounting. Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) Australian Stock Exchange admits securities to its official list and for quotation after thorough investigation and submission of certain documents by the companies (ASX, 2017). The company has to fulfill minimum quality and size of operations. The company has to disclose minimum information about itself, the kind of business it is doing. It has to prove that people are interested in buying its shares. It has to later on disclose information that would have material effect on the prices of the securities. The company has to submit financial statements which are made in accordance with accounting standards and are audited. It has to submit information about it corporate governance practices. Its shareholders should have the freedom to express their opinions to board and the management. The company has to lodge a prospectus with the Australian Securities And Investment Commission. The entity must be a going concern. Australian Stock Exchange has laid down a list of formalities the companies have to fulfill in order to get listed. This means that only good companies get listed after thorough investigation. This protects the investors and builds their confidence in the capital market. Christensen, Kent, Routledge Stewart (2015) undertook a study about whether the implementation of Australian Securities Exchange Limiteds 2003 governance recommendations improved accounting, earning quality and market value of small and large companies. Many companies adopted these recommendations when they were introduced and formed audit committees leading to better earnings. Better auditing leads to cost control and minimization of frauds and other benefits. A study by Cybinski Windsor (2013), investigates whether voluntary remuneration committee independence matches chief executive officers pay and bonuses with the companys financial performance. This study was done after Australian Government Productivity Commission recommendation to allow remuneration committee independence for ASX 300 companies. This study shows firms size plays a role in CEOs remuneration. ASX 300 large firms link to a greater extent CEOs pay to firms financial performance as compared to smaller firms. Chapple, Clout and Tan (2013), undertook a study to find out about the governance attributes of firms that have been subject to securities class actions which are brought up when there is violation of securities laws by the company. These companies had lower standards of corporate governance. They were subjected to more queries by Australian Securities Exchange. ASX also suspected that something was wrong. Reserve Bank of Australia Reserve Bank of Australia is the central bank which is a primary financial regulator of the country. The bank is responsible for undertaking monetary policy and for over all financial system stability. This stability can be threatened by events like recession and excessive inflation. If there is instability in the financial system, the central bank is the lender of the last resort. It would lend to manufacturing industry and banks and financial institutions. The bank operates the monetary policy (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2017). If there is lot of inflation in the country and the prices of the commodities become very high, the central bank would take steps to ensure that the rates at which the commercial banks lend to the industry and people becomes high. This would mean that the people would reduce their demand for goods as loans have become costly. This would result in prices of goods going down. As the value of money increases the exchange rate for Australian dollar would also be come higher. In this way the bank also influences the exchange rates of Australian currency. The central bank also ensures that payment and settlement system between entities goes on properly. For this purpose the bank has entered into an agreement with Australian Securities and Investment Commission. Baxa, Horvth Va?ek (2013) have studied how selected central banks including that of Australia responded to periods of financial stress. The findings of the study were that central banks make a change in interest rates decreasing them in the face of high financial stress so that there is more economic activity. If there is stock market stress or banks are under stress or exchange rate stress is there, there will be a change in monetary policy rates. Conclusion In a developed old democracy like Australia many bodies have been made by government over the years to support and regulate business. One of them is ASIC which takes action to implement the provisions of Corporations Act. The companies have been responding well to the initiatives of the government and getting their financial statements audited and fulfilling the listing requirements of ASX. There is the need to frame new accounting standards with changing times and these have to be clear and concise to avoid confusion. The adoption of IFRS has led to improvements in areas like value relevance of earnings. References Aasb.gov.au (2017). Compiled AASB standard AASB 116 property, plant and equipment. Retrieved from: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB116_07-04_COMPjun14_07-14.pdf Aasb.gov.au (2017). Compiled accounting standard AASB 102 inventories. Retrieved from: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09.pdf Ahmed, K., Chalmers, K. Khlif, H. (2013). A meta-analysis of IFRS adoption effects,The International Journal of Accounting,48(2), 173-217. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020706313000472 ASIC (2017). Lodgement of financial reports. Retrieved from : https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/financial-reporting-and-audit/preparers-of-financial-reports/lodgement-of-financial-reports/ ASX (2017). Listing requirements. Retrieved from: https://www.asx.com.au/listings/index.htm#howtolist Australian Accounting Standards Board (2017). Home. Retrieved from: https://www.aasb.gov.au/Home.aspx Baxa, J., Horvth, R., Va?ek, B. (2013). Time-varying monetary-policy rules and financial stress: does financial instability matter for monetary policy?.Journal of Financial Stability,9(1), 117-138. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572308911000520 Brown, P. and Tarca, A. (2005). 2005-its here, ready or not: a review of the Australian financial reporting framework, Australian Accounting Review, 15(2), 68-78. Chapple, L., Clout, V. and Tan, D. (2013). Corporate governance and securities class actions, Australian Journal of Management, 39(4), 525-547. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0312896213512320 Christensen, H. Nikolaev, V. (2013). Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test?.Review of Accounting Studies,18(3), 734-775. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11142-013-9232-0 Christensen, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J., Stewart, J. (2015). Do corporate governance recommendations improve the performance and accountability of small listed companies?.Accounting Finance,55(1), 133-164. Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acfi.12055/abstract Chua, Y., Cheong, C. Gould, G. (2012). The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on accounting quality: evidence from Australia,Journal of International Accounting Research,11(1), 119-146. Retrieved from: https://www.aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/jiar-10212 Cybinski, P., Windsor, C. (2013). Remuneration committee independence and CEO remuneration for firm financial performance, Accounting Research Journal,26(3), 197-221. Retrieved from: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/ARJ-08-2012-0068 Financial Reporting Council (2017). About the FRC. Retrieved from: https://www.frc.gov.au/about_the_frc/ Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J. and Kieso, D. (2012). Financial accounting (7th edn.). Australia: Wiley. Leung, P., Coram, P., Cooper, B. And Richardson, P. (2014). Modern auditing and assurance service (6th edn.). Australia: Wiley. Mock, T., Bdard, J., Coram, P., Davis, S., Espahbodi, R., Warne, R. (2012). The audit reporting model: current research synthesis and implications,Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), 323-351. Retrieved from: https://www.aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/ajpt-50294 Porter, B., Simon, J. and Hatherly, D. (2014). Principles of external auditing (4th edn.). Australia: Wiley. Reserve Bank Of Australia (2017). Monetary policy. Retrieved from: https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/ Steenkamp, N., Steenkamp, N., Steenkamp, S., Steenkamp, S. (2016). AASB 138: catalyst for managerial decisions reducing RD spending?,Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting,14(1), 116-130. Retrieved from: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1

10 TED Talks to inspire teachers

10 TED Talks to inspire teachers Summer is on the way out, and the school year is underway. Everything is shiny and new. But if you’ve taught before, you know it’s not long until the gleam wears off and the grind of the school year sets in. These 10 Ted Talks from teachers who are changing the world around them will inspire you long after September has passed. Watch when you’re feeling burned out, and know that you, too, have a personal hand in molding the lives of the kids you see every day.1. Rita F. Pierson: â€Å"Every Kid Needs a Champion†Pierson has been a teacher for the past 40 years. Her bottom line: you have to connect with your students on a human, personal level. Her response to a colleague who said he wasn’t paid to like the kids? The kids can tell.2. Linda Cliatt-Wayman: â€Å"How to Fix a Broken School†Her answer to this question? â€Å"Lead fearlessly, love hard.† This principal of a once-failing North Philadelphia school has a lot to say about the com plexities of running â€Å"low performing and persistently dangerous† schools and how a true love of the students is the only foundation for any change.3. Sakena Yacoobi: â€Å"How I stopped the Taliban from shutting down my school†The Taliban shut down every girls’ school in Afghanistan. Yacoobi set up new ones- secret schools to educate thousands of girls and boys. This inspirational talk shows just what a teacher is capable of in the face of terrifying obstacles.4. Nadia Lopez: â€Å"Why open a school? To close a prison.†Lopez is the founder of Mott Hall Bridges Academy in Brownsville, Brooklyn- one of the most violent and underserved neighborhoods of New York City. Here, she talks about finding out what each child is capable of and how they can plan for a bright future.5. Christopher Emdin: â€Å"Teach teachers how to create magic†Emdin’s focus is making learning come alive. Whatever gets a kid interested and engaged allows you to teach- anything from rap songs to barbershop banter to church sermons. He’s also the founder of Science Genius B.A.T.T.L.E.S. with GZA of the Wu-Tang Clan.6. Ramsey Musallam: â€Å"3 rules to spark learning†Musallam was jarred awake after 10 years of what he calls â€Å"pseudo teaching† by surgery and the surgeon who saved his life. Here, he talks about the three principles he used to turn his classroom around.7. Fawn Qiu: â€Å"Easy DIY projects for kid engineers†Trying to figure out how to get kids into STEM? Qiu’s practical advice gives great ideas to teachers hoping to find low-cost, innovative ideas for projects for students of all levels to get them excited by STEM fields.8. Reshma Saujani: â€Å"Teach girls bravery, not perfection†Girls are often socialized to be perfect- and not just that, but to meet impossible standards of perfection. If they feel they can’t live up to these impossible ideals, they’ll often give up. Saujani wants to teach girls to respond to challenges with bravery and confidence.9. Eduardo Briceà ±o: â€Å"How to get better at the things you care about†No matter how much you want to be good at something, there will always come a time when your work will stagnate, no matter how persistently you’re working. These times require a bit of extra determination. Briceà ±o also offers up a strategy- alternating between learning and performance modes- to keep things fresh and forward moving.10. Stephen Ritz: â€Å"A teacher growing green in the South Bronx†A tree grows in the Bronx? Ritz focuses on urban landscaping and agricultural projects that help his students learn new skills effortlessly while improving an underserved community’s access to nutritious food. He’ll help you learn how to think outside the box. Prepare to be inspired.

Contrast Moralist and Causalist approaches to the Ethics of Torture Essay Example

Contrast Moralist and Causalist approaches to the Ethics of Torture Essay Example Contrast Moralist and Causalist approaches to the Ethics of Torture Paper Contrast Moralist and Causalist approaches to the Ethics of Torture Paper Torture can be traditionally defined as the imposition of physical suffering upon others through violence, for various reasons usually pertaining to the extraction of information or confession of guilt, but possibly simply for the pleasure of being cruel1 Torture is more commonly known and used as a tool of power2. Torture in most cultures is prohibited as no human deserves the pain and punishment associated; each philosophy though as a different analysis of torture and to what extent torture can be used. A brief history of torture is found that primitive man used to follow instincts and killed his enemy, but archaeologists have found no evidence of torture1, man survived for thousands of years without inflicting torture, only in the last few thousands of years it has become a weapon of state. So why did we start using torture and when are we going to stop? Moralism is the philosophy of adherence to morality, it stresses the importance of the value of an act resides in the act itself. Moralists rather frame terms and actions with a universal humanist ethic3. A Moralist is also known as a Kantian; Kantianism originated from a German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Causalist theories are defined as focusing not on the act but the consequences, also the belief that the value of a thing depends on its utility; greatest number3, which is also known as Utilitarianism. Both Moralist and Causalist theories hold importance of ethics in torture. The moralist approach of ethics argues that torture it self is evil, while the causalist theory shows that the consequences of the act is where the concern lies. Why is torture wrong? Moralists would debate that its the denial of a non-figurative primary right to dignity which they seek to up hold as the centre point in this matter and not the pain and agony the victims were subject too4, Causalism sees things differently as its the suffering and aches of the victims and their families that make the torment of torture wrong, not so much the denial of an abstract fundamental entitlement to dignity but the actual physical and emotional pain that the sufferer was inflicted with. Moralism and Causalism contrast each others ethics through their interpretation of torture, both theories give valid points to justify their responses to why torture is wrong. Is torture universally wrong? Torture is not permitted and is clearly stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 5 No one shall be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment. This clearly displays that torture is unsuitable for anyone anywhere and still to this day it is happening in so many places. From a moralist view torture is always prohibited regardless the reason, as in true Kantian style ends must never justify means4. Therefore torture or harsh punishment is proscribed as a moralist, in comparison Causalism proposes that it is POSSIBLE for situations in which torture as a last resort may be inflicted and a necessity to serve justice or for informational reasons. Both Moralist and Causalist theories display sound evidence to the ethical question of torture being universally wrong. The last question relates to the nature and temperament of the torturer. A causalist may say that the torturer is a malevolent person but may also add that a persons character is distinct and responsible as much by omission (observer in charge) as by the torturer or actor. An omission to perform an act, even one as evil as torture, might be as wrong as committing the act itself if the consequences of a failure to carry out the torture result in greater harm to others5, however a rudimentary moralist would dismiss that the torturer would have to be intrinsically evil to commit some horrific and devastating acts. Therefore these two responses to the question are both correct in that both theories hold valid evidence to support their ethics. Moralistic and Causalistic views on the ethics of torture are slightly similar but different however they both hold importance in the ethical issue of torture. The Causalist shows us that there are circumstances where torture as a last resort maybe used but overall they are completely against these immoral acts of punishment. A Moralistic view determines that under NO circumstances can torture be administered onto another human being, it is inhuman and isnt even considered an option. Now understanding more about the Moralistic and Causalist theories, can the use of torture ever be justified?

Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership - Term Paper Example They provide a sense of direction and guidance, which the rest follow to the latter in order for the organization to achieve its intended results. In essence, the major requirement in being an effective team leader is ones ability to communicate with the team members in a manner that will not offend them. This means that the leader needs to value the rest of the team players and be an equal participant in the work process. As a result, the essence of this paper will be to evaluate the behaviors of a leader with whom I have worked with previously. The name of this leader in this paper will be ‘Martin Luther’. 1. Ohio State University – Initiating Structure and Consideration Behavior Leadership Style Research at this institution identified two styles of leadership that were applicable in the day-to-day running of organizations. First, they argued that one style of leadership would be consideration. This meant that this type of leader showed interest in the team memb ers and regarded them with utter respect. To this type of leader looking out for the well being of the team members was the overall quest. In addition, this leader shows gratitude and supports the junior staff to ensure that the group meets target. On the other hand, they adopted the initiating structure kind of leadership whose focus was on the performance of the tasks by clearly defining his roles and those of the followers. For this leader, the attainment of the set goal becomes the primary factor to which he establishes the channels of communication towards results attainment. In comparison, the consideration leader is friendly and approachable, but the task-oriented kind of leader only interacts with the followers when he/she is delegating the duties and tasks. In essence, Martin Luther was consideration kind of leader to the team as he treated all the members of the team with high regard. This enabled the team to feel appreciated and valued and that all their efforts were comm endable. Martin was accessible to the team members in case we needed any form of work related assistance, as he was willing to help at any time. Another positive attribute that he had was that he showed the willingness to adapt to any form of change, which also made the team’s transition process to changes relatively easy (Collins, 2001). In addition, he treated all the team members equally by looking out for our interests without favoritism or bias. Usually, he would consult with the team members before executing any task so that he could make sure that everyone was comfortable with the implementation plan. Remarkably, he was keen on explaining the actions that he took or intended to take which made the team feel like family. His style of leadership according to the Ohio State University model proved effective, as our department was the best in performance and output. 2. Expectancy Theory of Motivation This theory states that individuals will decide on certain behavior becau se of the motivation given towards the selection of a certain behavior ‘due to the possible outcome expected. These individuals choose this one behavior out of a number of behaviors. Essentially, this theory encourages organizations to reward performance by ensuring that the team members de3serve and appreciate the rewards. This theory depicts the behavioral process in which individuals decide on one behavioral option over the others. It gives the explanation as to why they make these choices to attain the product. The